Aging may increase more bones and joints problems especially in women
Women tend to have more bones issues than men and the problem keeps on increasing with the age. Women tend to lose bone mass or density as they age, especially after menopause (ovaries stop producing hormones). The bones lose calcium and other minerals. The spine is made up of bones called vertebrae. Between each bone is a gel-like cushion known as disk. The middle of the body (trunk) becomes shorter as the disks gradually lose fluid and become thinner.
Vertebrae also lose some of their mineral content, making each bone thinner. The spinal column becomes curved and compressed (packed together). Bone spurs caused by aging and overall use of the spine may also form on the vertebrae.
Hip and knee joints start losing cartilage and the bones thicken slightly. Finger joint changes are more common in women. These changes may be inherited. Lean body mass decreases. This decrease is partly caused by a loss of muscle tissue (atrophy). The speed and amount of muscle changes seem to be caused by genes. Muscle changes often begin when women are in their early 40s. Their walking pattern (gait) becomes slower and shorter. Walking may become unsteady, and there is less arm swinging. Older people get tired more easily and have less energy.
Osteoporosis is a common problem, especially for older women. Bones break more easily and compression fractures of the vertebrae can cause pain and reduce mobility.
PREVENTION METHODS
How to prevent from having Osteoporosis
- Everybody's bones get weaker as they get older. But certain choices and habits accelerate the process. They include:
- Not getting enough calcium and vitamin D
- Smoking
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Using certain medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants
- Not getting enough weight-bearing exercise (at least 30 minutes on most days).
Other prevention methods include:
- Exercise is the best way to slow or prevent problems with the muscles, joints, and bones. A moderate exercise program can help you maintain strength, balance, and flexibility. Exercise helps the bones stay strong.
- Talk to your health care provider before starting a new exercise program.
- It is important to eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of calcium.
- Women need to be particularly careful to get enough calcium and vitamin D as they age. Women over age 70 should take in 1,200 mg of calcium per day. They should get 800 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily. If you have osteoporosis, talk to your doctor about proper treatments.
